Velocity profiles of relevant articulators exhibit more varied patterns regarding the quantity contrast. ![]() Larger lip closing and opening movements were found for geminate bilabials compared to their singleton counterparts for example for Italian and Japanese stops and sonorants and for Finnish stops ( Fivela & Zmarich, 2005 Löfqvist, 2005 O’Dell et al., 2011). Also, quantity influences spatial extent of articulatory movements in the expected direction. The movements of relevant articulators to and from the constriction targets for geminates have longer durations than for singletons ( Fivela et al., 2007 for Italian stops and sonorants Zeroual et al., 2008 for Moroccan Arabic stops Šimko et al., 2014 for Finnish stops). Studies focused on consonantal gemination show significantly longer durations of articulatory closure for geminates compared to singletons (e.g., Löfqvist, 2006, 2007 for Japanese stops, sonorants, and fricatives Bouarourou et al., 2008 for Tarifit Berber stops and fricatives Ridouane, 2007 for Tashlhiyt Berber stops Zeroual et al., 2008 for Moroccan Arabic stops). Therefore, our study has partly been inspired by these differences. This might suggest that the phonological contrast is not clearly manifested in articulatory patterns across various contexts. Yet, it should be noted that previous studies use different measurement procedures and linguistic material which can be the cause of variability in the findings. Investigators comparing articulatory patterns associated with the production of phonologically short and long segments report several regularities in kinematic characteristics reflecting this primary phonetic cue. Phonological quantity contrast used in many languages is phonetically realized mostly by differences in acoustic duration of vowels or consonants. In general, both kinematic characteristics and inter-gestural coordination are influenced by non-linear interactions between segmental quantity levels as well as vocalic context. Tongue transition gesture is consistently lengthened and slowed down by increasing consonant quantity. The analysis shows that kinematic characteristics (gesture duration, spatial extent, and peak velocity) are primarily affected by quantity on the segmental level: Phonologically longer segments are produced by longer and larger lip closing gestures and, in reverse, shorter and smaller lip opening movements. In this study we analyze articulatory (EMA) recordings from four native Estonian speakers producing all possible quantity combinations of intervocalic bilabial stops in two vocalic contexts (/ɑ-i/ vs. The stressed syllable rhyme duration is achieved by combining the length of the vowel and the coda consonant, which enables minimal septets of CVCV-sequences based on segmental duration. ![]() In a number of studies it has been shown that quantity is realized in a disyllabic foot by the stressed-to-unstressed syllable rhyme duration ratio and also by pitch movement as the secondary cue. The three-way quantity system is a well-known phonological feature of Estonian.
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